argument passed by reference

By default arguments are passed by value(so that it will changed inside function only not outside the function).So we are going the value then send value by reference,prepend by (&) to the argument name in the function definition. Syntax function fun_name(&$varname) Example <?php function my(&$num) { $num='welcome'; } $str="welcome"; my($str); echo...

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passing arguments

Information may be passed to function via the argument list.which is a comma-delimited list of expression Example <?php function my($num) { echo "$num"; } my("india"); ?> Outpu...

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conditional operator

The ? operator is equivalent to an if statement.it os called a terary operator because it takes three parameters an expression :an expression that is evaluated to be TRUE and FALSE an expression that is evaluates if it tree and expression evaluated if the first is FALSESyntax (expr1)?(expr2):(expr3); Example ?php $n=6; $b=7; $val=($num 1>b)?$n:$b; echo...

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require_once in php

The require_once()statement include and evaluates the specified file during of execution of the script.This is a behavior similar to the require() function with the only difference being that it code from a file has already been included.It will not be included again.Syntax include "function name"; Example vars.php <?php $color='red'; $fruit='apple'; echo...

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require in php

The require() function is identical to include() except that is handle error differently. The the function include() generates a warning(but the script continue execution) while the require() function generates a fatal error (and script stop) Syntax include "function name"; Example vars.php <?php $color='red'; $fruit='apple'; echo $fruit."color...

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The include_once()statement include and evaluates the specified file during of execution of the script.This is a behavior similar to the include() function with the only difference being that it code from a file has already been included.It will not be included again.Syntax include "function name"; Example vars.php <?php $color='red'; $fruit='apple'; echo...

include in php

The include() function takes all the text in a specified file and copies it into file that used the include function Syntax include "function name"; Example vars.php <?php $color='red'; $fruit='apple'; echo $fruit."color is".$color" ?> test.php <?php echo "a $color $fruit" // include 'vars.php include 'vars.php' echo "a $color $fruit" ?> Output: ...

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echo and print

The echo() and print() function are used to output the given argument.it can output all types single and multiple outputs can be made with these command Syntax int print(string $arg) void echo (string $arg1[,string $ ,,]) Similarities They both language constructs (not function)so they can be used without parentheses Example <?php echo "welcome...

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PHP directory

PHP Directory Create directory Delete Directory read direct...

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PHP file

PHP File PHP has powerful file handling function to manage file in a server.Some of these function require some special setting in php.ini and some available by default. Function in File write file read file open the fi...

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localtime in php

The localtime() function returns the array that contains the time components of unix time system Syntax localtime(timestamp,is_associative) Example <?php print_r(localtime()); echo(" "); print_r(localtime(time(),true)); ?> output...

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idate in php

idate() function formats a local time or date as integer Syntax idate(format,timestamp) Example <?php echo(idate("Y")): ?> Output:...

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time in php

time() function returns the current time as unix tiemstamp (the number of seconds since jan 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT) Syntax time(void) Example <?php $curr=time(); print_r("$curr"); ?> Outpu...

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getdate() in php

getdate() function returns an array that contains date and time information for unix system the returning array contain ten elements with relevant information needed when formatting a date [seconds]-seconds [minutes]-minutes [hours]-hours [mday]-day of month [wday]-day of week [year]-year [yday]-day of year [weekday]-name of the weekday [month]-name...

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date and time in php

date and time function allow you to extract and format the date and time on the server. Note These function depend on the locale settings of the server date() date() function formats a local time/date The following describes the format arguments a:am or pm A:AM or PM d:Numeric day of the month D:Short day abbreviation F:Full month name g:12-hour time...

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list() in php

list() function is used to assign values to a list of variable in one operationsyntax list(var1,var2,...) <?php $sum=array("india","pak"); list($a,$b)=$sum; echo "we are ,a $a,amd $b"; ?> Output we are a india and ...

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ksort() in php

ksort() function sorts an array by the keys.The values keep their original keyssyntax ksort(array,sorttype) <?php $sum=array(a=>"india",b=>"pak"); ksort($sum); print_r($sum); ?> Output Array(a=>india b=>p...

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in_array() in php

in_array() function searched an array for a specific value.This function returns TRUE if the value is found in the array or FALSE otherwise. syntax in_array(search,array,type) <?php $sum=array("india","pak"); if(in_array("india",$sum) { echo"Match Found" } echo"Not found"; } ?> Output Match Fou...

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count() in php

count() function counts the element of an array,of the properties or two properties of an array. Syntax count(array1,array2) Example <?php $sum=array("india","pak"); // count the elements of an array echo count($sum); ?> Output...

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array_push() in php

array_push() function inserts one or more element to the end of an array syntax array_push(array,val1,val2,...) <?php $sum=array("india","pak"); array_push($arr,"usa","uk"); print_r($sum); ?> Output Array([0]=>india [1]=>pak [2]=>usa [3]=>...

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asort() in php

asort() function sorts an array by the values.The values keep their original keys. syntax asort(array,sorttype) <?php $sum=array(0=>"apple",1=>"orange",2=>"pine apple"); asort($sum); print_r($sum); ?> Output Array([0]=>apple [1]=>orange [2]=>pine appl...

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array_values() in php

The array_values() function returns the array containing all the values of an arraysyntax array_values(array) <?php $sum=array(0=>"apple",1=>"orange",2=>"pine apple"); // returns the array containing all the values of an array print_r($array); ?> Output Array(0=>apple 1=>orange 2=>pine apple...

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array_unique() in php

array_unique() function removes the duplicate values from an array.if two or more array values an the same ,the sirst apperence will be kept and the other will be removed Syntax arrray_unique(array) Example <?php $sum=array(0=>"apple",1=>"orange",2=>"apple",); echo "before using array unique"; print_r($sum); echo "after using array unique"; print_r(array_unique($sum)); ?> Output before...

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array_sum() in php

The array_sum() function returns the sum of all the values in the arraySyntax array_sum(array) Example <?php // sum the all the values in the array $sum=array(0=>15,1=>15,1=>15,); echo array_sum($sum); ?> Output ...

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trim() in php

trim() function remove the whitespaces and other predefined character from tht both side of a stringSyntax trim(character) Example <?php $str=" hello india"; echo "without trim".$str; // remove whitespaces from the both the string echo "with trim".trim($str); ?> Output without trom: hello india with trim:hello in...

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substr

substr() function returns the part of string Syntax substr(string,start,length) Example <?php // returns the part of string echo substr("hello india",6); echo substr("hello india",6,5); ?> Output india ind...

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strpos() in php

strpos() function returns the position of the first occurrence of string inside another string. Syntax strpos(string,find,start) Example <?php // returns the position of the first occurrence of string echo strpos("hello india","io"); ?> Output...

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strlen() in php

The strlen() function returns the length of string Syntax strlen(string) example <?php // returns the length the string echo strlen("hello india"); ?> Output ...

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str_split() in php

The str_split() function splits the string into an array Syntax str_split(string,length) Example <?php // split the string into an array print_r(str_split("hello")); print_r(str_split("hello",2)); ?> Output Array([0]=>h [1]=>e [2]=>l [3]=>l [4]=>o ) Array([0]=>he [1]=>ll [2]=>...

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strrev() in php

The strrev() function reverses the string Syntax strrev(string) Example <?php echo strrev("one line"); ?> Output enil ...

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str_repeat() in php

The str_repeat() function repeats a string specified number of times. Syntax str_repeat(string,repeat) Example <?php echo str_repeat("india",4); ?> output indiaindiaindiaind...

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nl2br() in php

The nl2br() function inserts HTML line breaks( )in front of each newline (\n)in a string Syntax nl2br(string) Example <?php echo nl2br("one line .\n another line"); ?> Output one line another line The html code look like this  one line<br/>another line ...

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join() in php

join() function in php The join()returns the string from the elements of an array.The join() function is an alias of the implode function Syntax join(separator,array) Example <?php $str='hello india'; // it is breaks the string into an array $exp_str=explode("",$str); print_r($exp_str); // it returns the string from the elements of an array echo...

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implode() in php

The implode()function returns a string from the element of an array Note The implode() function accept its parameter in either order.How ever for consistency with explode().you should use the document order of argument .The separator parameter of imploded is optional. Syntax: implode(separator,array) Example <?php $str='hello india'; //...

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Explode() in php

Explode() The explode() functon breaks a string into an array Note Separator cannot be empty Synatx explode(separator,string,limit) Example <?php $str="welcome to india"; echo explode("",$str); ?> Output Array([0]=>hello [1]=>to [2]=>indi...

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chunk_split() in php

chunk_split() in php the chunk_split() function splits a string into a series of smaller parts Note This function does not alter the original string syntax chunk_split(string,length,end) Example <?php $str="hello india"; // we will split the string after each character and add a"." after each split echo chunk_split($str,1,'.'); ?> Outputh.e.l.l.o....

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chr() in php

chr() The chr() function returns a character from the specified ASCII value syntax chr(ascii) Example <?php // returns a character from the specified ASCII value echo chr(52); echo chr(052); ?> Output 4...

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chop in php

chop() The chop() function will remove a white space or other predefined character from the right end of string.This function is an alias the rtrim()function Syntax chop(string,charlist) Example <?php $str="welcome to   "; echo $str; echo "india"; echo "<br>"; //remove the whitespace from the right end of a string ech chop($str); echo...

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addcslashes() and backcslashes() in php

addcslashes() and backcslashes() The addcslashes() function return a string with backslashes in front of the specified character Syntax string addcslashes( string $str,string $charlsit) Example <?php $str="welcome to india"; echo $str; echo addcslashes($str,'c'); ?> Output: wel\come to india backcslashes() The backcslashes()...

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